World Production Of Rum English Literature Essay

World Production Of Rum English Literature Essay The oldest and the most varied distilled spirit are known as rum. Rum is distilled from the extracts of the sugar cane plant or the by-product of sugar cane known as molasses. Rum is an aged spirit which is usually aged in charred oak casks for a period of 30 years which is in cases of a few authentic brands but is usually aged for a period of 15 years and below. Rum that is aged in charred oak casks get a golden to dark brown colour because of the oak casks. Rums which are aged in stainless steel tanks remain colourless. Rums vary from place to place depending on the tradition that they followed. Rum thats originate from Puerto rico have a golden colour are light bodied and are aged for minimum 3 years while on the other side rums that originate from Jamaica are dark rum which are naturally fermented for a period of 3 weeks and are distilled twice in pot stills and are aged minimum for 5 years in oak casks. The majority of the world production of rum takes place in the Caribbean and Latin America which also include a few other countries. Rum is also produced by Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji islands, Mexico, India and Canada. The federal law states that rum should be distilled from the fermented products of sugar cane like sugar cane juice, sugar cane syrup or the by product or sugar cane which is molasses at less than 190 proof. Dark rums are usually consumed neat or with a mixed while light rums are used to make cocktails. 2.2 billion dollars were generated in 2009 in the United States because of the sales of rum. HISTORY OF RUM The origin of rum dates back to the ancient times. Fermented sugar cane juice is believed to be first developed in ancient India or china. It is believed that rum originated in the island of Barbados. Brazil also started rum production in 1620s. It was discovered by the people who planted sugar cane that the by-product of sugar cane which is molasses can be fermented into alcohol. The distillation process changed later in order to make the alcohol more concentrated and remove the impurities that were present. The Spanish and English have played an important role in distilling sugar cane throughout the West Indies. HISTORY OF RUM IN JAMAICA In Jamaica sugar cane and the distilling process dates back to the 15th century. Jamaica has the perfect climate, fertile soil, spring water which is filtered by limestone. Jamaica became the producer of one of the finest rums because of their climatic conditions. The English use to transport rum back to England in barrels and they discovered that the amount of time the rum spent in the barrel along with the rocking of the ship gave a finer and smoother tasting rum. HOW RUM GOT ITS NAME The first recorded name of this alcohol was kill devil hills because of its alcohol properties. Island of Barbados used the name kill devil hills till the nineteenth century. Early 1650s a new name emerged called rumbullion which was later shortened to rum. Rumbustion was another term that was used for rum during the 17th century. A similar word to rum was rummage. Rummage was the place in ships where rum was stored in the ship for long journeys across the Atlantic. Number of theories suggests that rum got its name from the latin word of sugarcane which was saccharum officinarum. PROCESSES OF RUM RUM BASED ON RAW MATERIALS USED Sugarcane juice: French rums are usually made of 100% sugarcane juice which is fermented and then aged. Rums which are made with 100% sugarcane contain high level of herbal aromas and are totally different from molasses based rums. Molasses: When sugarcane is processed to make sugar the sugar cane juice is boiled until it starts to form crystals leaving behind a liquid known as molasses. The molasses depends upon how much time the juice is boiled for and how much sugar is extracted from that. The more sugar the better grade of molasses and in turn the best quality rum is produced. RUM BASED ON FERMENTATION METHOD Natural fermentation: natural fermentation is when the distilleries depend on yeast that naturally occurs in the air and also in the sugar cane juice to convert the sugar into alcohol. Natural fermentation takes place in big open containers to expose it to the air and takes about 1 or 2 weeks to ferment. Controlled fermentation (continuous): The most advance method of fermenting is the continuous fermentation process. The continuous fermentation process consists of a fermentation tank that continuously receives diluted molasses because of which the yeast keep converting the sugar into alcohol and it all gets collected which is further distilled. RUM BASED ON DISTILATION METHOD POT STILL Pot still process was the earliest ways of distilling alcohol. A pot still consist of three parts which are the kettle in which the liquid is boiled, the condenser in which the vapours are cooled and the gooseneck that connects the condenser and the kettle. The pot still produces single distillate as the liquid is processed through the pot still just once. The liquid is once again put through the pot still and is known as double distillate. The drawback of the pot still process was the liquid needed to be distilled in batches which was a labour intensive job. The liquid is distilled twice thrice or even four times in order to produce a clearer and stronger spirit. COLUMN STILL Unlike the pot still the column still could process higher amount of alcohol. Column still made the distillation process a lot more consistent. Distillation columns are built in a vertical manner with a number of horizontal trays placed at different levels inside the column. The liquid is introduced from the top of the column while steam is introduced at the lowest level. As the liquid flows down from the column it is heated by the steam that is being produced and the alcohol gets vaporized while the liquid that flows down is called wash and contains no alcohol. The steam is collected from the top of the column which is then allowed to cool down which in turn is spirit. Several column stills can operate one feeding the next in order to produce a cleaner, stronger and rectified spirit. APPLETON ESTATE HISTORY OF THE APPLETON ESTATE The rum production at the Appleton estate dates back to 1749 while the origin of the estate dates back to the 1655 when the British captured Jamaica from the Spaniards. Frances Dickson served in the British conquest and it was believed that the land was rewarded to Frances for his services. Frances grandsons were the very first owners of the Appleton estate. The year 1845 was when the ownership changed from the Dickson family to William hill. William hill owned the estate for a short period of time and the ownership changed from William hill to A.McDowell Nathan. McDowell Nathan was the most successful merchant in Jamaica. He died in the massive earthquake which occurred in 1907 and the Appleton estate was acquired by J.Wray and Nephew ltd. J.Wray and Nephew ltd continue to own the Appleton estate and produce the finest rums in the country. The Appleton estate is an 11000 acre estate situated in the Nassau valley. The Nassau valley is a part of Jamaicas cockpit country. The valley has a special limestone formation which is known as the cockpit karst which was formed many years ago. The estate is the only estate in the world that has a cockpit karst and shares the same soil and climatic conditions as the Nassau valley. UNIQUE APPROACH OF APPLETON RUM The Appleton estate that produces rum has been producing exceptional quality rum since the past 260 years. Till today the team of experts that are present at the Appleton estate follow the same tradition of handcrafting their Jamaican rum. The climate of Jamaica is ideal for the cultivation of sugar cane. The Appleton estate grows sugar cane on their 11000 acre plot back in Jamaica. The natural resources add to the taste and character of the rum. During the fermentation process the estate uses spring water which originates from the estate itself. The spring water is filtered through the limestone hill of the cockpit country. The estate uses special natural yeast in the fermenting process which has been handed down from the origin of the rum estate; the natural yeast which is used in the fermentation process contributes to the exclusive taste and aroma of the Appleton estate rum Appleton estate rums follow a small batch pot distillation method which is being followed since the estate started producing rum. Jamaican rum differs from other rums because of the blend of rum is done in a unique copper pot stills and column stills. The distillation process is slow in order to give the rum flavour and the character. After the fermentation process and the distillation comes the ageing of the rum which is done in a unique manner at the Appleton estate. The rums are aged in oak barrels, as the rums mature the rum transforms into a smooth mellow spirit which has unique flavours of vanilla, cocoa, coffee and hazelnut. The maturing process gives the rum a golden colour. A number of oak barrels are kept in the ageing warehouse and the rum can only be bottled on the selection of the master blender. Appleton estate rums contain a unique blend of aged rums which are handpicked by the master blender Joy Spence. The rums produced in the estate have an age printed on the label which is a certified genuine minimum aged which is that the rum have been aged in oak barrels for at least those many years which is printed on the label. Rums that is produced at the Appleton estate has a unique blend which makes the rum unique and finest in the world. Every rum produced in the Appleton estate is hand blended to create a special flavour and aroma. After the unique blending process the rum is allowed to rest in order to let the various components to mix with each other to produce a unique blend. DIFFERENT BLENDS OF RUM PRODUCED AT THE APPLETON ESTATE Appleton estate produces a variety of blends which are as follows Appleton Estate V/X Appleton Estate Reserve Appleton Estate 12 Year Old Master Blenders Legacy Appleton Estate 21 Year Old Appleton Estate Exclusive Appleton Estate 30 Year Old Appleton Estate 50 Year Old Jamaica Independence Reserve Appleton Estate V/X The very first blend of the Appleton estate was the Appleton Estate V/X. The Appleton Estate V/X is a multi-award winning blend of 15 choice aged rums. The rum has unique flavour profile and is the best choice for cocktail mixing around the world. The Appleton estate V/X is a gold/honey colour which a clear liquid because of its distillation process. This rum has subtle scents of orange peel, dried apricot, dried fruits, and fresh peach and has got a hint of molasses. The Appleton estate rum tastes sweet, honeyed with taste of marzipan, caramel and brown sugar. Appleton Estate Reserve The Appleton estate reserve is one another very old blend of the Appleton estate in Jamaica. The reserve stock of rum is allowed to mature in oak barrels very carefully and when the rum matured perfectly the master blender hand blends the rum with 20 other aged rums to create unique rum. The Appleton estate reserve was the very first blend which was created by the master blender joy Spence. The Appleton reserve was introduced in 2000 to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Appleton Estate. The appearance is topaz or honey colour with a gold rim with immaculate purity. The reserve has an aroma of brown sugar, honey with a tinge of orange peel and vanilla. The reserve rum leaves a taste of toasted honey, wheat bread and refined sugar on the palate. Appleton Estate 12 Year Old As the name suggests the appleton estate 12 year old is aged minimum for 12 years in oak cask barrels. The estate 12 year old is rum that shouldnt be added with mixers but consumed straight on the rocks is what is believed by the master blender. The 12 year old rum has a dazzling bright rich bronze colour. The 12 year old rum has an aroma of walnut, nutmeg, orange peel and vanilla that leaves a buttery creamy brown sugar taste on the palate. MASTER BLENDERS LEGACY The special master blenders legacy celebrates three generation of blenders. This particular blend is 30 year old rum which means it has spent 30 years maturing in the oak barrels. The master blender Joy Spence suggests that the special master blender is just the perfect drink with a splash of water and club soda. The master blender rum has a shiny bright topaz or bronze colour with an aroma of baked pear, maple, orange peels with the tinge of ginger and vanilla. The blender legacy rum leave a taste of honey, vanilla and creamy butter on the palate. Appleton Estate 21 Year Old This unique blend is exceptional and has been aged for a minimum period of 21 years in oak barrels. The blend matures over time and only a limited number of bottles are released each year. The Appleton estate 21 year old has a coppery colour with the aroma of vanilla, orange, nutmeg and cocoa. The the 21 year old rum leaves a taste of baked nuts and the taste of molasses with oak on the palate. Appleton Estate Exclusive The Appleton estate exclusive is a unique blend of rums which is distilled at the estate. This particular rum is blended in order to reflect the terroir and the micro climate present at the estate in Jamaica. The perfect blend of the Appleton exclusive assures that every sip of rum has an essence of the rich fertile soil and the spring water which is used to create this exclusive blend. the estate has warm temperatures during the day along with afternoon showers and cool nights which is perfect for the aging of the rum. The uniqueness of the appleton estate is that it grows sugar cane in the estate of appleton along with the slow pot still distillation which imparts a very distinctive flavour to the rum. The appleton estate exclusive looks rich and earthy which reflects the soil on which the sugar cane is grown. The exclusive rum has an aroma of oak, vanilla with some sublle spices and a tinge of orange. The rum leaves behind a taste of fruity sweetness of the sugar cane with the woodiness which is acquired through ageing. Appleton Estate 30 Year Old The Appleton estate 30 year old is limited edition rum. This special edition is a very rare blend of several types of aged rums which are hand selected by the master blender more than 30 years ago. The 30 year old rum is individually aged for 8 years and then re blended and placed in oak barrels once again for another 22 years. Because of the unique process of dual ageing and exceptional spirit is formed which is known world over for its taste character and smoothness. The very rare 30 year old rum are hand crafted by the master blender and only 1440 bottles were released in the year 2009. The rum has a bright and shiny colour of copper. The 30 year old rum has an aroma of baked pear, maple, spices, orange and a tinge of ginger and vanilla. The rum leaves a taste of delicate spices and vanilla on the palate. Appleton Estate 50 Year Old The Appleton estate 50 year old is a very rare limited edition. The 50 year old rum is aged for a period of 50 years in hand selected oak barrels. The Appleton estate 50 year old is believed to be the oldest rum available for sale in the world. In the year 1962 the Appleton estate set down barrels of rum to age so that they could create a very special blend that could be bottled to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Jamaicas independence. The rums were very carefully treated for the 50 years that they were aged. The rum was taken care by the first master blender Owen Tulloch and then by the current master blender Joy Spence to create the exceptional Appleton Estate 50 Year Old Jamaican Rum. The Appleton Estate 50 Year Old Jamaican Rum was launched on June 7, 2012 and was made available in Jamaica just after the launch. Currently the rum is being sold in key markets around the world and in selected duty free shops. Only 800 bottles of this very exclusive blend have been created and only a limited number of bottles are for sale. The bottle approximately costs $5000 USD per 750ml bottle. Appearance: Dark mahogany colour with rich coppery reflection and a very pronounced green ring of aging. Bouquet: Powerful oak infused with rich vanilla and layered with cinnamon, maple and orange peel. ELEMENTS OF DISTINCTION OF THE APPLETON ESTATE The Appleton estate has 7 elements of distinction compared to the other brands. The 7 elements of distinction are: Heritage of the Appleton Estate: The Appleton estate origin dates back to 1749 and has been making the finest rums since its inception. Terroir: the Appleton estate in Jamaica is situated in the Nassau valley. This valley was formed 12 million years ago when Jamaica emerged from the sea because of which the estate has unique weather, climate and soil which influence the taste and aroma of the rum. The valley has a perfect condition for growing sugar cane because of its microclimate that has warm morning and afternoon showers and cool nights. The estate during the fermentation process uses water that originates from the spring in the estate and is filtered through the limestone hills which exists only in the Appleton estate. Pot still: Appleton holds a tradition of handcrafted rum since the past 260 years. The rums are distilled in small batches in copper pots. The pot stills are unique in the estate that gives a very distinctive character to the rum. Exceptional Taste: Spirit competition panels and spirit experts constantly choose rums from the apple estate because of their exceptional taste and smooth finish. The rums produced at the Appleton estate continuously receive awards from international spirit competitions and spirit experts. Great blends and great rums: Appleton estate V/X, Appleton Estate Reserve and the master blenders legacy are made up of several aged blends in order to add to its richness and smoothness. Aging process: Appleton estate 8 year old, 12 year old, and 30 year old and the 5o year old have age statements on their labels. All the age statements are certified genuine which means the rum has been aged in oak barrels for a minimum period of time mentioned on the label. History of the Appleton estate: the Appleton estates origin dates back in the year 1655 when the British captured Jamaica from the Spaniards. The ownership of the estate changed several times but the quality of the rum remained the same. Legacy of blending: the rum produced in the estate is distinctive because of its unique climatic condition. The rums are blended by the master blender joy Spence. Joy Spence has over 25 year of experience in creating and blending the finest rums in the world. Including a term of 16 years studying under the previous master blender Owen Tulloch. Joy Spence and her team possess vast knowledge and skill in the art of creating and blending and maintaining the consistency and quality which is produced out of the Appleton estate. THE MAKERS OF THE APPLETON RUMS Master Blender Joy Spence The master blender at the Appleton estate rum is Joy Spence. Joy Spence is the first woman to hold such a position in the spirit industry. AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS The Appleton estate rum tour is a major tourist destination in the island of Jamaica. All the rums that have been produced at the Appleton estate in Jamaica are award winning and have performed well at international spirit competitions. The Appleton estate 12 year old was awarded 96/100 rating at the 2008 wine enthusiast competition. Appleton rum and Wray and nephew White Over Proof Rum have been awarded a Grand Gold Award at the 2011 world quality selections. Wray Nephew White Over Proof Rum has been honoured the International High Quality Trophy for consistently turning in gold and Grand Gold Award. CONCLUSION

Labeling

When a person is labeled as something he or she has become part of that particular sub-culture, and although that person might not consider themselves to be that particular label, society has the majority rule. If society considers a person with tattoos a rebel, that person is now a troublemaker in society’s eyes; he or she carries the characteristics of that certain label, and that title sticks. Labeling in society is a natural human property. Humans label sub-consciously in order to organize the people they may come in contact with in society day-to-day. This action takes place because having a label does not stop at the face; it runs much deeper. Labels carry characteristics, properties, and key traits that can give a person an idea of what someone is like before they even say â€Å"[H]ello†. Every person has a label or title, but how does the labeling of people and groups affect others around them and society as a whole? In the article Decent into Madness: The New Mexico State Prison Riot written by Mark Colvin labeling plays an extraordinary role in the events leading up to the 1980 riot and the events that occurred during the riot. In the prison system being labeled something negative like a snitch can be potentially deadly. The guards would use labeling to coerce inmates into spilling useful information. The labeling in this prison system effects inmates greatly causing amalgams of emotions and an inner battle between what they believe is right and the what they pledged to their gangs. The labeling in a prison system effects directly affects the other inmates, not just a singled out victim. Others might feel betrayed which could lead to a whirlwind of other consequences, actions, and emotions. Another article that shows how society is affected by labels is The New Tattoo Subculture by Anne M. Velliquette and Jeff B. Murray. People with tattoos are constantly being titled rebels, troublemakers, and delinquents, when in fact people with tattoos usually have a very heart-felt story or reason why they ink themselves. To these people, they feel that they are being labeled unfairly and that society is making quick and senseless judgments. When it comes to school, nobody wants to be labeled the school nerd, slut, or anything negative. People only want to be labeled positively, something that gives them perks in school and applies to their own self-interest. The Peer Power: Clique Dynamics Among School Children written by Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, talks about the school structure and how labels can either make or break a student’s school career. The article talks about how cliques are labeled by the students who make them, almost like the saying people are what they eat, and school cliques are made by the people who are involved in them. School cliques carry pressures that not only affect the overall environment of the school but, labeling and clique involvement also effects staff and teachers as well as peers not involved in cliques. A hierarchy system is a clear cut way to put people into a certain class. Being at the top involves large amounts of power that effects society around them, while being at the bottom can allow for zero power and their actions hardly effect the environment around them. In the article Gang Business: Making Ends Meet by Martin Sanchez Jankowski the hierarchy system is used organize levels of a gang and individual players. This hierarchy system is one of the most clear cut ways to label an individual, because if a person is labeled a pusher he or she is basically stuck in with that title and the labels responsibilities until they have earned themselves increased respect from their peers. Gangs, governments, militarist and political parties use the hierarchy system to put people in certain ranks, and each rank brings its own traits and characteristics that person must follow or they will suffer the consequences. Labeling could be an incredible blessing to people who need a place in society. With a label such as a punk or a skater, that person now has a chance to identify themselves with a sub-culture that will accept them for who they are without trying to be someone else. Labeling in this manner is a great thing for it helps people, and from that labeled position a person can gain social status in their own group. In 1998 an article written by Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler stated that â€Å"Cliques are, at their base, friendship circles, whose members tend to identify each other as mutually connected† (Pg. 55). Once a person is labeled as something whether it be a jock or a plastic, these people can now seek out others who are labeled similarly, and by doing so new friendships and relationships are born. Labels can introduce a person to a new set of people, which he or she would never have known if they were not labeled. In an article written by Martin Sanchez Jankowski in 1991 a â€Å"†¦ hierarchy system is used to label members of a gang†¦ † (Pg. 172). This hierarchy system can play a positive role in the life of a gang member because once you are placed on a level there is no ambiguity about a person's position and status; their responsibilities, liabilities, and expected actions are practically lied out for young gang member. Unfortunately labeling, for the most part, is a negative action taken against groups of people who do not comply with societies unwritten rules. When a person is labeled it is usually because said person did something that was unusual, different, and/or out of the social norm. In schools across the United States there is some sort of labeling among the student body, whether it be skin colour, gender, sports, or academics, there is always something that organizes students into different sections. In the movie Mean Girls, the lunch room provides an extreme example of labeling and the cliques that are created through labeling. All the students are divided into different sects depending on their status; popular girls, a. k. a. Plastics sat together at one table while jocks sat together at a different table. Their own independent label had an affect on their peers because their label gave certain students power over others while in reality all people are supposed to be equals. â€Å"The leaders would decide†¦. † is a popular phrase used in Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler's article on Peer Pressure ( 1998. Pg. 156). The person labeled the â€Å"leader† has some sort of intangible power over other students, and it is preposterous to think that all of their power is based off a word, â€Å"leader†. Many labels carry meaning that runs deeper than the eye can see. At face value a corporal is just a word used to describe one of the first ranks of an army solider, but that label has depth. Being a corporal could mean constant order taking and back-breaking work. Having a certain label affects everybody not just a person's immediate friends. A powerful label commands respect and these people are treated with privileges and other special perks because of their label. Many labels come with their own with their own home-grown stereotypes. If a person is labeled a doctor this could mean that they earn a quarter million dollars a year, drive a Mercedes-Benz, and go golfing three times a week. Many labels come with their own with their own home-grown stereotypes. Along with perks and privileges labels also have imbedded consequences. In the 1997 article Decent into Madness by Mark Colvin, it is clearly expressed how certain labels could lead to imitate death. Colvin explained that a â€Å"coercive tactic was used to intimidate an inmate by threatening to â€Å"hang a snitch jacket† on him. â€Å"This tactic which involved the threat of labeling an inmate a â€Å"snitch† (or informant) was used to solicit information, and gain control over an inmate†¦. † (1997. Pg. 197). The label of a snitch is an inmate’s worst nightmare because the consequences and after-math of this label could lead to lack of trust with their fellow gang members, and if the leader of a gang found out an inmate actual ly snitched, the man labeled the leader is powerful enough to put a hit on that inmate. The label of snitch is so powerful that it can ruin the life of an inmate even if the accusation is false. Although labels usually carry any where from a minor al the way up to extraordinary negative connotations, they are a crucial part of society. Labels organize people into certain levels of society. People use labels as the first way to asses a person. When a business man walks into a pub and sees a scantily-clad dressed woman next to a women in a business skirt and blouse, that man will nearly always label the half-dressed women as a slut or desperate while he might label the other as more conservative. People use labels as their first line of defense in a situation when they feel something is not quite right. If a person sees a shady fellow on the corner of the street, that person might automatically label that man as a trouble-maker which in turn leads that person to walk away from the fellow on the corner. How a person dresses and holds themselves on the street, in a pub, or at a job interview could lead to the immediate labeling of themselves. This happens because humans label based on their own personality and upbringing; it is an ideology, a non-tangible belief that certain people are going to be labeled a certain way. People are subjected by labels, and this relates directly to powerful labels such as president, leader, boss, captain, etc. When there is a person who is labeled high on a hierarchy system, people will automatically listen and follow that person. Some might call this a power struggle while most will continue to follow in that leaders footsteps. Many people believe that if a person is labeled significantly high it is because they are doing something that is working, and many people will be the follower, not the leader. This is known as the path of least resistance; the ability just to follow a person labeled well above the rest is easier than striving to become the best. That label effects lower ranking members because being a leader carries the characteristic enticing followers. Labeling could be the closest human beings come to before physically marking people into certain levels. Labeling is a way to organize humans, just as a library organizes books. While some labels could improve on a person’s life and social class, labels usually carry a negative connotation. The three articles mentioning labeling as an important part of culture all share a similar opinion that labels are negative. Mark Colvin and the Decent into Madness article clearly state how labels could lead to inner group violence among gangs followed by a larger more devastating super nova. Gang Business by Martin Sanchez Jankowski expresses how a hierarchy system organizes illegal crime by placing pawns into certain levels, each containing their own sets of rules and responsibilities. Labeling in its most exposed form can be witnessed in schools. The Peer Power article written by Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler states numerous times that people who are labeled leaders have power over others standing at a lower position. Labels are powerful because of the depth that many labels achieve. High-ranking important labels carry large responsibilities and actions that must be followed through by that title holder, because just as quick as a label is given it can be taken away and that person who was once powerful is now just a low ranking pusher.

Comparitive Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1409 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Analytics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Relationship Essay Stereotypes Essay Did you like this example? Comparative Essay - - Write a comparative analysis of ‘An old man’s winter night’ by Robert Frost and ‘Lore’ by R. S. Thomas. Highlight each poet’s distinct attitude towards old age. Comment on the style through which the poets express how they feel about old age. Both Frost and Thomas draw upon the theme of old age in their poems. However in ‘Lore’ the theme of old age is portrayed as a positive thing and the persona defies the stereotype. Whereas in ‘An old man’s winter night’ we are presented with the stereotype about old age and old age is portrayed in a more negative light. In today’s society old age is often seen as a negative thing. Old people are being made to feel useless as they lose there independence. However some of them defy this stereotype and are still doing everyday activities with ease. ‘Lore’ and ‘An old man’s winter night’ are relevant to us because they are about old age and how it is both positive and negative. In the poem ‘Lore’ Job Davies is still farming and enjoying life even though he’s eighty-five. Job Davies, eighty-five/Winters old, and still alive† Whereas in ‘An old man’s winter night’ the old man is conveyed as frail, scared and he obviously feels useless to society which follows the natural stereotype of old age. Frost and Thomas both appreciate the beauty and harshness of nature to a certain extent. They both realise that it can be mans worst enemy. Frost draws on the typical stereotype of old age and often used physical isolation to reflect mans emotional isolation. Whereas, Thomas who was an Anglican clergyman worked with elderly people and he goes against the typical stereotype. He had an understanding of old people’s hopes and fears. He incorporated that into his poems. The biggest difference is that Thomas views nature as a rejuvenating source f or humans if they embrace it. Nature plays a part in both of the poems. However it is portrayed in two very different ways. ‘Lore’ is set in the welsh countryside, which is where most of Thomas’s poems were set. His daytime setting â€Å"dawn† reflects the message of the poem, and how it is a new beginning and brings a sense of hope. Also the persona knows his surroundings. This adds to him being more enthusiastic about his work and how he feels that age is just a number. However in ‘An old man’s winter night’ there is a huge difference in the setting as there is a sense of death, fear and the end due to the old house and the night time darkness. In contrast to ‘Lore’ the persona feels threatened and terrified by his surroundings and by this also feels useless, which follows the typical stereotype about old age. ‘Lore’ and ‘An old man’s winter night’ to an extent are reflective poems and throughout them their tone changes. In ‘An old man’s winter night’ the persona is very fearful, â€Å"and scared the outer night/which has sounds familiar, like the roar/of trees This suggests that the sounds of nature are apparently familiar to the old man but yet they still seem to threaten him. In old age he has become more vulnerable. Throughout the poem the old man comes off as being very lonely, â€Å"That gathers on the pane in empty rooms. † This emptiness is symbolic for the loneliness in the old man’s life. Whereas in ‘Lore’ the tone is the complete opposite of ‘An old man’s winter night’ In the first and second stanzas the tone is informal, enthusiastic and defiant, â€Å"Miserable? Kick my arse! † Job is showing that it doesn’t matter about age and thus adopts a defiant tone. In the last two stanzas the tone changes from being defiant to reflective, â€Å"Live large, man, and dream smal l. † This suggests that Job has immersed himself in nature and wants others to do the same, also this gives him sustenance. The viewpoints differ in the both poems as they are two very different poems. In ‘Lore’ the narration is in first person. This means that Job is directly addressing the reader throughout the poem. His rhetorical questions challenge the reader, â€Å"What’s living but courage? † This adds to the defiant tone. The persona in the poem does not lack confidence, â€Å"The great perch of my laugh. † This light hearted allusion to a chirpy bird suggests height and power. The use of 1st person reinforces Job’s feistiness. On the other hand, ‘An old man’s winter night’ has an omniscient narrator which means that it is being told from an all-seeing point of view, in contrast to ‘Lore’. Compared to Job the old man in this poem lacks confidence, â€Å"He consigned to the moon This suggests that the persona is not confident and seems to feel useless. Someone else must tell the story for him. Both poets’ attitudes to old age differ. In ‘Lore’ Thomas uses Job to portray that old age is not a negative thing and that it can be thought of as a new beginning, particularly if one draws on the sustenance offered by nature. However in ‘An old man’s winter night’ Frost thinks there is a fraught relationship between man and nature because in the poem the old man seems to fear nature, â€Å"and scared the outer night This is symbolic of the man’s fear of nature. ‘Lore’ has a regular rhyme scheme, whereas ‘An old man’s winter night’ has no specific rhyme scheme. The rhyming pattern in ‘Lore’ emphasises the rhythm of Jobs work, as when you read the poem its pace is upbeat and fast, just like Job. Whereas in ‘An old man’s winter night’ there is only one stanza. This repre sents the old man’s separation from the rest of the world and nature. The poem is also a narrative poem which in contrast to ‘Lore’ is told in a third person view. This also adds to the sense of loneliness and separation from the rest of the world. ‘Lore’ and ‘An old man’s winter night’ both use enjambment, but to different effects. They also use parenthesis in their poems. However in ‘Lore’ the rhyme scheme emphasises Jobs rhythm of work. He also has a jump in his step while he is telling us about his life and work. On the other hand ‘An old man’s winter night’ has no set rhyme scheme which makes the character of the old man seem more realistic. It is also symbolic of the old man’s loneliness and separation from the rest of the world. Thomas and Frost both incorporate the image of old men and nature/outside world. They also associate winter with death and portray nature as a harsh mis tress. The rhetorical questions in ‘Lore’ are challenges to the reader, and this adds the feel of defiance. The image of â€Å"bearded† not only leads us to think of old age and old men but also shows the extent of Jobs immersion in nature. Thomas uses the images of â€Å"porridge† and â€Å"tea† which are both traditional hearty foods which help to add to the image of the old farmer. Colloquialisms make the character of Job seem more realistic. Also the image of dawn shows that age can be the start of something new and not something that should be looked down upon. However in ‘An old man’s winter night’ images of the night time shows that the poet considers old age to be the end. Onomatopoeic verbs like â€Å"creaking† emphasise the emptiness of old age. Light is used as a symbol, â€Å"a light he was to no-one but himself† this conveys he is no use to anyone and that it follows the typical stereotype of age. Frost uses alliteration in his poem, â€Å"beating on a box† emphasises the echoing emptiness of the old man’s house, his loneliness and his separation from the natural world. In conclusion I would have to say that I preferred ‘Lore’ as it was a more enjoyable poem to read compared to ‘An old man’s winter night’ I felt that this poem was too confusing with its language and imagery. I also found that ‘Lore’ defies the typical stereotype and I like how it does this and that is why I prefer this poem. Gareth Hamill Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparitive Essay" essay for you Create order

Questions On International Trade Theory - 1332 Words

Student name: Fangyu Zhou Student number: 201109990 Module name: International business Module code: MKIB 225 Essay question: Why do businesses internationalize? Compare and contrast the various â€Å"standard† theories . Word count: 1051 Why does business internationalize? With the development of international business, countries with the purpose of increasing the variety of local products had been trying best for decades to trade with other nations. Furthermore, international trade theories were developed to explain the benefit nations can get from utilizing free trade pattern and participating in the multilateral trade with opening up strategy by eliminating import control, export support and other types of†¦show more content†¦As a result, every country in the world, including the weakness country, it can benefit from international trade by comparative advantage (Neary, 2012). For example, even both the productivity of corn and rice in Ghana is lower than South Korea, but Ghana still can gain the rice from trade by exporting which is comparatively more efficient in production than the corn from South Korea, while importing corn with relatively lower productivity. According to Redding and Vera-Martin (2002) provided, different from technology-based comparative advantage, Heckscher-Ohlin supported that comparative advantage arises from the difference in endowed resources such as land, labor, and capital, rather than the difference in productivity. For example, Saudi Arabia has long been a substantial exporter of oil, but it is an importer of fruits, reflecting its relative local abundance of oil field while the local scarcity of land on planting fruit. Moreover, factor endowment theory has been subjected to numerous tests, but the thing which is some situations cannot be accounted. Such as the United State who is abundant in capital imports more capital-intensive goods than its export of that (Redding, Vera-Martin, 2002). The Leontief Paradox exists mostly because that Heckscher-Ohlin developed the theory under the assumption that technologies are the same over the world. However, the validity of the factor endowment theory is not affected,Show MoreRelatedInternational Trade : Comparative And Competitive Advantage1512 Words   |  7 Pages International trade theories are simply theories that explain how imports and exports work between different countries. Hence the name international trade. In this paper I will be reviewing different theories of international trade, explain the difference between comparative and competitive advantages, and answering three important questions. What the underlying economic rationale for internat ional business activity is, why trade takes place, and the gains from trade and investment. I will firstRead MoreInternational Trade Theories That Can Be Analyzed944 Words   |  4 PagesInternational Trade Theories There are a number of different trade theories that can be analyzed in regards to the above referenced research project, and I will attempt to address the theories I feel that are most relatable to the question in hand. The first international trade theory I will address is that of Mercantilism. Historically, mercantilism is defined as â€Å"the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government shouldRead MoreDavid Ricardos The Principle Of Political Economy And Taxation1519 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Ricardo who developed the concept of the comparative advantage of trade. This concept is a part of the classical theory of trade and was published in 1817 in David Ricardo’s book entitled the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (Appleyard Field, 2014, p. 30). This paper will address the effectiveness of this concept as it has been applied to real-world international trade after the General Agreement in Trade and Tariffs (GATT) was signed in 1947. How the level of wages, productivityRead More Challenging Comparative Advantage Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain the benefits of mutual trade (Carbaugh, 2008). Many underlying assumptions of comparative advantage depend on states of economic equilibrium and an absence of economy of scale. In reality, economies are dynamic and subject to innovation and interference; which has led to revised assumptions of return and competition (Krugman, 1987). These factors have created questions of free trade and governmental participation in an economy by the development of strategic trade policies. These new conceptsRead MoreInternational Trade : Economic Activity Of Nations1627 Words   |  7 PagesInternational trade is important to the overall economic activity of nations, including the growth and domestics’ production. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and WTO, international trade has grown remarkably in recent decades as shown in figure 1 and 2. It can be seen that the growth of trade has led into the rapid economic growth in some countries. The reasons of rapid growth in world trade is due to the reduction of trade barriers at global and regionalRead MoreDiscussion Questions1621 Words   |  7 PagesCRITICAL QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION Note: Questions from the end of the chapters can also be used for discussion questions Chapter 2: Foundations of Modern Trade Theory: Comparative Advantage Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions: QUESTION 1: Mercantilism is a bankrupt theory that has no place in the modern world. Discuss. QUESTION 2: Is free trade fair? Discuss. QUESTION 3: Unions in developed nations often oppose imports from low-wage countries and advocate trade barriers toRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Free Trade1286 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is a free trade agreement between the US and 11 other Pacific Rim states reached under the Obama administration. Trump stated that he did a great thing for the American worker. (Bradner) When Trump was on the presidential campaign trail, 54% of Americans answered â€Å"much more likely† or â€Å"somewhat more likely† to the question would you be more likely or less likely to vote for a candidate for President who promises to put a stop to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and enact trade policies thatRead MoreCritical Thinking And Case Studies1151 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Assignment 3 In this assignment I am discussing some case study questions from chapter 7 and critical thinking discussion questions for chapters 8 and 9 of the Global Business Today text. These questions are for the individual week 3 assignment of our MBA 539 International Business class. These discussion questions are composed to increase the reader’s understanding of â€Å"the political economy of international trade†, â€Å"foreign direct investment† and â€Å"regional economic integration† as explainedRead MoreInternational Trade And Gender Wage Inequality1426 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Trade and Gender Wage Inequality Motivation for the Research: In recent years, globalization and international trade has become a significant issue for countries. Consumers tend to use more goods and services and due to the lack of resources, the need to trade with other countries seems to be inevitable. Assuming that globalization would occur, labor factors become noteworthy. Although growth in international trade provide more job opportunities for people, there are still inequalityRead MoreInternational Trade and The Global Economy1018 Words   |  5 PagesFree Trade International trade links countries to the global economy (Vollrath, 1991). The global economy needs free trade. Countries need free trade. Trade with other countries occurs at some level in every country globally. There may be some indigenous tribes within some countries that can lay the claim that they are self-sufficient, however, there is not a single country that can say the same. Proponents of an open trading system contend that international trade results in higher levels of