Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Counselor ethical boundaries and practices assignment

Limits and double connections As an expert advisor, one ought to consider the accompanying rules as a major aspect of a moral dynamic model. To begin with, the advisor ought to distinguish all the moral concerns associated with the issue. Second, one ought to think about one’s qualities and abilities as to the issue. Stage three ought to include knowing the code of morals that relates to the issue.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Counselor moral limits and practices task explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Afterwards, the advisor ought to distinguish a portion of the plausible entanglements that would result from one’s choices. From that point, one should consider some potential reactions. 6th, the advocate should consider the results of their activities. Seventh, one should concoct a goals. Eighth, one ought to talk with different advisors. The ninth step ought to include making a move. In conclusion, one ought to dissect the r esult of one’s choice (Hugman, 2003). A circumstance, which would request utilization of this moral dynamic model would be an instructor, who must work in an alternate nation like Botswana. The neighborhood guides demand a portion of the beneficiaries of the calamity alleviation program to take an interest in a broadcast recording of the program, yet one of the customers asserts that she wouldn't like to partake. While applying the moral dynamic model, one would understand that the primary moral concern is including a post horrendous casualty in a program that she isn't happy with; this reality exists regardless of the positive result of the broadcast recording. As a subsequent advance, one must look at one’s qualities. On the off chance that an advisor had a customer who appeared to be so troubled, and he/she was experiencing something that the specialist experienced, one ought to think about imparting the experience to the customer. Be that as it may, the need to sta y proficient and to confine individual issues in directing would stop the guide. One ought to consider about one’s moral qualities and convictions; these might uncover that addressing clients’ needs are a need for the advocate. In spite of the fact that the climate may cause one to seem helpless, the specialist may at present approve of that on the off chance that the person can stay away from passionate connections.Advertising Looking for coursework on morals? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As long as something progresses the helpful meeting, at that point advocates should grasp it. Be that as it may, this should possibly be done on the off chance that one figures the patient doesn't have reliance issues (Berstoff, 1996). The fourth standard involves considering a portion of the snares engaged with a meeting. As an instructor, when one of the patients asks whether he/she can send the specialist an instant messa ge, one should think about the potential snares of this. The patient may keep on text the advisor in any event, during odd hours or he/she may do it unnecessarily; one would, in this manner, be caught. An advocate might be incited to react to those writings, from the start, yet this may not be supportable on account of time requirements. These snares would make the advisor consider tolerating one’s client’s solicitation to SMS genuinely. Instructors must consider over the recurrence and level of association that they start with customers as these may be impractical. Another situation, which would require the moral choice model is getting a greeting from a customer to go to a care group for sexual maltreatment casualties. Standards six discussions about considering one’s results. Taking part in such a gathering could make power differentials that would subvert the remedial procedure. Moreover, since this is a non office arrangement, it could stimulate the conside ration of the clinic’s board (Houser et al., 2006). A few patients may misread one’s inclusion and may make charges of wrongdoing. Nobody would ensure the advocate as the individual would be acting in an individual limit. Then again, the patients may have no other expert to counsel. On the off chance that one decides not to charge them, the customers may locate the main moderate answer for their concern through that instructor. They might be prevented any opportunity from claiming recuperation on the off chance that one won't go to their meeting. These are altogether outcomes that one must consider. Moral issues change contingent upon whether one is a present customer or a previous one. It would be absolutely dishonest to go into a social or business relationship with a present customer (ACA, 2005). At the end of the day, one ought not consider working with a present customer or turning into a companion to a customer. Be that as it may, in specific conditions, the equi valent might be admissible after end of therapy.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Counselor moral limits and practices task explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, the passed time and the client’s conditions ought to foreordain this. Up to an advisor doesn't abuse the previous client’s shortcomings and at least two years have slipped by after end, at that point a business relationship can be thought of. By and by, this should possibly happen if the concerned patient has completely recouped. New reasoning The most critical advancement in one’s reasoning happens when one understands that moral issues are not bended in stone. One’s moral qualities ought not be driven by legitimate codes or rigid guidelines. While one must talk with legal counselors and other lawful experts concerning the guidelines that apply to a specific circumstance, it is essential for the instructor to harp on their qualities while exper iencing treatment meetings. In the event that these legitimate codes are the focal point of one’s advising meetings, at that point the instructor will just secure himself/herself; the individual won't help the customer (Corey Herlihy, 1992). Thusly, this course shows the significance of creating one’s own standards. The ease of moral circumstances comes unmistakably after one understands that limit intersections can some of the time help, not ruin a patient’s recoup. For example, one may take a patient with a dread of the dull to a dim room with an end goal to assist him with facing his dread. On the other hand, one may vow to go with a patient to a vital clinical assessment that terrified him. In confinement, these demonstrations are limit intersections, however when incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan, they can prompt victories. In outline, this course instructs crossing a limit doesn't really need to prompt dishonest conduct. The course likewise trains that a few people are distrustful about minor limit matters. Revealing individual data about oneself, as a specialist, doesn't imply that the relationship will consequently decline into a cozy, social relationship or a sexual one. These extraordinary circumstances can possibly emerge if the specialist permits them to occur. Maybe one of the most outstanding things, one can divert from these classes is that a patient’s needs should start things out. A client’s qualities will at last figure out what way or strategy to take. A few patients can deal with flighty treatment conditions, for example, revelation of the therapist’s encounters or out-of-office contact as a feature of treatment (Daniels, 2001).Advertising Searching for coursework on morals? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In any case, others would be extensively startled; these incorporate patients with marginal character issue. Such people may require a profoundly organized air. In this course, understudies can conclude that there is nobody size-fits-all situation. One’s choices must be founded on one’s appraisal of the patient’s conditions, attributes and capacities. Picking the correct treatment choices and activities should along these lines involve an intensive, logical procedure. The moral dynamic model would be very useful in such manner. Except if a guide continually refreshes and assess their perspectives, convictions, and treatment draws near, at that point the person in question will consistently be at risk for being on an inappropriate side of the moral check. This may sabotage polished skill, clients’ recuperation and at last the occupation’s notoriety. References American Counseling Association (2005). Code of Ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author. Berstoff, D . (1996). The ethicalness of rule morals. The directing therapist, 24, 86-9. Corey, G. Herlihy, B. (1992). Double connections in directing. Alexandria, VA: Author. Daniels, J. (2001). Overseen care, morals and advising. Diary of Counseling Development, 79(1), 119-122. Houser, R., Ham, M., Wilczenski, F. (2006). Socially applicable moral dynamic in advising. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage distributions. Hugman, R. (2003). Proficient morals on social work: living with the heritage. Australian social work, 56(1), 5-15. This coursework on Counselor moral limits and practices task was composed and put together by client Hayley T. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Teaching English as a second language Essay Example for Free

Training English as a subsequent language Essay Language is supposed to be a framework in which the blend of sounds structure words and the mix of words structure sentences for a portrayal of information is dictated by an arrangement of rules. What's more, these guidelines are applied in the development of words and sentences. One of the fundamental standards of learning a subsequent language is to utilize it as quickly as time permits in our regular day to day existence exercises. This is clarified to the student and the instructor puts forth attempt to make sure that the language is found out, in spite of the numerous impedance marvels all the while. Nigeria is a multilingual and multi-social nation. It has been evaluated that more than 400 indigenous dialects exist in the nation. This variety of dialects in Nigeria was exacerbated with the approach of the frontier experts who presented and embedded the English language in Nigeria. It has become some portion of the framework to the degree that rather than the continous battle required to satisfy up with the guideline set by the local speakers , a Nigerian assortment has developed. It is presently viewed as a Nigerian language. The English Language in Nigeria appreciates a lofty status, having a high premium put on it as the national Lingua franca, It is the Language of organization, exchange, business and industry, between ethnic relationship. It is the language of incorporation and guidance in schools or more all the language of national Unity just as universal correspondence. Aside from working as the language of reconciliation here in Nigeria, Yate (1992) has seen that ‘ of progressively prominent significance is the expansion in the universal and innovative capacity of English Language as the predominant language of the Cyber cafã ©, and the most utilized language in the web. It is likewise an elitist language. We presently live in an ICT globalized world in which English is the mechanism of connection among people and countries. As indicated by Babajide 2002: â€Å"For any country especially in the third world to be important and get the most extreme profit by the open doors that have large amounts of each territory of human need, for individual progression and national turn of events, English is a ‘sine qua non’. He further expressed that upâ till now the nation is as yet confronted with the problem of choosing an indigenous language that will encourage national solidarity. As the discussion proceeds, Prof. Afolayan bring s out the significant spot of English when he said that â€Å"It is ridiculous for anyone in Nigeria today to feel that National solidarity can be manufactured in the nation without plan of action to the usage of the English Language†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It has been simply the language of political substance and furthermore the language of its politico-monetary unification and organization. Further more the way that it is presently working as the language of Nigerian Nationalism can't be denied.† Multilingualism and English in Nigeria The principal Nigerian National hymn recognizes the presence of indigenous dialects ‘though clan and tongue may vary in fellowship we stand†. Nigeria is a run of the mill multi-lingual nation in which minority dialects which are a lot of live one next to the other with the significant dialects. The nation isn't just the blend of African socio-political and semantic real factors yet additionally the gathering purpose of dissimilar and concurrent perspectives on minority dialects and language strategy. Multilingualism is a sociolinguistic phenonmenon that emerges because of language contact. It is a circumstance where at least two dialects work inside a similar setting. Factors, for example, political addition, conjugal relations, monetary exchanges, social affiliation, instructive securing and strict alliance realize multilingualism. Every one of these variables support the socio-political scene of Nigeria today despite the fact that the mix of political and monetary exchange or misuse initially brought the individuals alluded to as Nigerians today in contact with the English individuals. The happening to English colonialist in the eighteenth Century achieved â€Å"Linguistic imperialism†a circumstance in which â€Å" the brains and lives of the speakers of a language are commanded by another dialect to where they accept that they can and should utilize just the outside lanugauge with regards to exchanges managing the propelled parts of life, for example, education,philosophy, literature,government and the organization of justice.† So inspite of the way that English is outside, it has become a language that has assisted with welding together the numerous individuals that establish Nigeria.

Sunday, August 2, 2020

Traveling From Champaign-Urbana to Chicago

Traveling From Champaign-Urbana to Chicago Many freshmen coming to the University of Illinois do not bring a car with them. At the same time, many freshmen get homesick and want to take a weekend trip home. So without a car and with a burning desire to head home, how do students get to and from campus?  Take a Bus Peoria Charter is a major bus company that specializes in transporting students from the Champaign area to the Chicago area. I have personally traveled with this company. Peoria Charter tends to charge around $35 one way, with outlets at each seat. If you sign up for email newsletters, you may get coupons, too! This company offers a plethora of bus stop locations, specifically in the Chicago suburbs and Chicago airports. Take a Train The Champaign Amtrak station is located in downtown Champaign and runs just about anywhere you need to go. Taking a train is efficient, fast, and economic. I personally have not taken the train to and from Chicago myself, but I have heard exceptional things. One recommendation that I have for taking the train is to order your tickets well in advance, as they tend to sell out. Catch a Ride In Champaign-Urbana, you can almost always find someone with a car driving to and from the Chicago suburbsâ€"especially during a holiday weekend. Catching a ride is great because your travel time will be about an hour shorter than taking the bus, and you will get to socialize with the other car riders. If you do opt to catch a ride, be sure to pitch in for gas money! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development And...

Abstract This paper will describe my personal romantic experience that left a big impact in my life and shaped me to become who I am today. Paper will discuss Erikson theory of psychosocial development and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory and how it correlates with my life experience. Introduction Most of the time romantic experiences during our adolescence are short and superficial and at times this assumption would be true. Duration of romantic experience during the adolescence time are usually short and do not end up in a serious long-term relationship. However, this is not always the case. These types of relationship play a major role in adolescence lives. (Eder, 1993; Thompson 1994). Our lives are influenced by our friendships, schools and parents, however relationships play major role and leave us with positive or negative emotions. (Wilson-Shockey, 1995). Thus, relationship play major role in shaping us during the adolescence stage in our lives. Erikson’s Theory German psychoanalyst Erik Erikson developed eight stages of psychosocial theory of development where the main key to developmental task was â€Å"development of identity†. (SITATION HERE). The book â€Å"The life Cycle Completed† by Erik H. Erikson emphasizes on how each individuals need to go through trust and mistrust or also known as crisis to get to the right solution, to find their identities. During the early adolescence is when we develop bonding with parent, friend, and romantic partners. InShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Theories Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesReaction Paper Number One Theories of Development There are many types of developmental theories. First being the Psychoanalytic Theory, and the Cognitive Theory. Within these two types of theories there are several psychologists that have their own theory of development. After exploring these different theories I will then share my opinion on which theory I believe to be more accurate. By definition the Psychoanalytic Theory describes development as a primarily unconscious and heavily coloredRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthe education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidence is wounded, trust impaired. - Erik Erikson Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was a Germon born developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human lie. He is most famous for devising the phrase â€Å"identity crisis.† Erikson was a Harvard professor althoughRead MoreChild Development Explanations And Understanding1702 Words   |  7 PagesChild development explanations and understanding is a complicated process and it is hard deciding the right process to use with each child. Many individuals and doctors have their own way of thinking how the body and mind develops. Their ideas have no right or wrong answers and are mere guesses of human growth. No one idea can be applied directly to a person, without looking at another idea also. To prove these explanations of psychology, scientific methods are used. Teachers may use all patternsRead MoreDevelopmental Case Study : Developmental Case History1328 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Case History of Yves In this developmental case history I will be case conceptualizing Yves while integrating the developmental theories of Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud and Urie Bronfenbrenner. In this developmental case study we will be taking a journey throughout Yves’ life timeline through the lenses of these three theorists in order to get a better understanding of his developmental history, who he is, and the deeper meaning behind his facts of life. Our first theorist, Sigmund FreudRead MoreThe Theory Of Head Start Program1567 Words   |  7 PagesHead Start is a federally funded, education development program that was created in 1965. The program provides education and services for eligible children from low-income families. Head Start s philosophy focuses on the development of social-emotional, physical and mental health, nutrition, and working with families and the community and stated â€Å"low-income people should help plan and run their own programs† (p. 41-42). Head Start has truly expanded their resources over the years by providing aRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal And Postpartum Maternal Distress On Children s Development1878 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Problem Does what happens to the mother prior to birth impact the development of the child after birth? Factors that affect the mother in the prenatal have a major negative impact on the child’s development. Reviewer Comment Prenatal development is crucial to a healthy birth for both the mother and the child. Three trimesters define major portions and milestones of prenatal development. The milestones of prenatal development begin with the germinal phase, followed by the embryonic phase, endingRead MoreDivorce the Psychological Theories of Development2116 Words   |  9 PagesPsychological Developmental Theories Abstract This paper looks at the effects of divorce on children based on the application of various psychological developmental theories. More specifically, children within the age groups of 4 to 6 and 7 to 11 will be taken into account. The theories explored and applied will include Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, Erikson’s psychosocial tasks, Bowlby’s attachment theory, Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, Bandura’s social learning theory and Vygotsky’s, andRead MoreLifespan Development And Communication : Development2151 Words   |  9 PagesLifespan development and communication – 555101 Individual development narrative Rajbir Kaur 02/05/16 (1877) Introduction One way of looking at human development is through domains of development and how they interrelate. Sigleman and Rider (2003) define development as the systematic changes and continuities that occur between conception and death in an individual. One approach to examining human development is through an individual narrative by integrating theories of development. In thisRead MoreAfrican American Daughters And Non Residential Fathers : A Qualitative Exploration9462 Words   |  38 PagesAfrican American Daughters and Non-Residential Fathers: A Qualitative Exploration La Toi S Smith Chapter 1 Introduction I spent the majority of my life being raised by a single mother due to my parents’ divorce. Because of my parents’ divorce, my mother stated firmly that I had changed and became a difficult child. I remember rebelling, suffering with low self-esteem and self-worth and blaming myself for the absence of my father. It was not until I was well into womanhood that I found peace

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Battling Office Politics - 1005 Words

Office politics can have advantages that may motivate certain employees and cliques. It can be very productive, as they usually know each other well and can utilize each person’s talent in a team setting. How a supervisor or manger deals with office politics can ultimately lead to his or her success or demise. It can also be the most unproductive and destructive problem in the workplace; which can derail the best laid business plans. It can eventually take down what was once a profitable smooth running business if it is allowed to continue or if upper management is a participant. Small business owners and management at every level of any company should always be aware and listen closely to what is being said by their employees or†¦show more content†¦This could be issues lurking in your office that may need your immediate attention, but someone may already be the focus of workplace bullying and afraid to speak out. Also, when you do receive a complaint, check it out first. Don’t go out half-cocked and jump another employee when you really don’t know if the complainant was truthful or practicing office politics by spinning a story. Undermining This is when one employee or groups of employees or departments work to destroy or impede another’s work. This can be done by entry level employees to a supervisor or each other, even at management level. Not only is this time consuming, it is costly to any company in loss of materials, finished goods, and clientele. Watch for the member of the team that is most resistant to change, or gripes and complains about required tasks or policies. Another sign is the employee who has the same amount of work as everyone else, but thinks they do it all and don’t recognize the team as a whole. This can cause delays in production, indecision or waiting to see if someone else will do it first. When you know how to identify resistance, bring it to the table and address it immediately. Take their issues before the team and let the team resolve the problems together. This will relieve the complainant of sole ownership of the perceived problem and sometimes helpsShow MoreRelatedOrder 1466 US Domestic Issues And The World Late 19th Early 20th Century744 Words   |  3 Pages19th Century and early 20th Century are directly correlated with the current American socioeconomic conditions (Truman Doctrine, 9). The socioeconomic conditions basically involve the issue of health and lifestyle. In early 20th Century people were battling the issue of health and lifestyle (Marshal Plan, 27). The issues of health and lifestyle changes are still problems at current times. Thus correlation exists in those two current times. Culture is one of the diverse and quick changing phenomenaRead MorePresident Roosevelt: Steward of the People Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesentered Columbia University Law School in search of being a lawyer, but the lure of historical writing and politics were too strong for him to resist, and he dropped the idea of being a lawyer (Roosevelt). President Roosevelt recalled in his autobiography that although his friends were against it, he decided to enter politics instead of finishing law school (Roosevelt). They considered politics as a cheap, gaudy profession only fit for the lower class (Roosevelt). In 1881, voters elected TheodoreRead MoreEssay on The Cult Of True Womanhood543 Words   |  3 Pagesvirtue, domesticity, means that a woman is to be a housewife, to stay at home. This is my explanation of the essay, quot;The Cult of True Womanhood.quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Cult has effected todays society greatly. We are currently battling many gender issues that were initiated by these standards. The primary issue is gender discrimination. For instance, a woman may not be hired by a construction company because the owner believes that its quot;mans work.quot; Another issue concerningRead MoreWomans Equality in the Halls of Canadian Democracy1304 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment’s policy-making process the input of a significant portion of Canadians. A system that does not adequately represent its majority population calls into question the legitimacy of our democratic institutions. Women’s participation in formal politics is crucial because the quantity of representation will influence the quality of representation in Canadian legislation. It reflects poorly on democracy because the minorities, the white heterosexual men in power, are regulating the majority populationRead MorePower and Politics1591 Words   |  7 PagesPower and Politics Introduction Power is important within organizations because power is the way in which management influences individuals to make things happen. When power and influence combine most of the time, politics becomes involved in some manner which may pose some problems. Organizational politics is best described as management influenced by self-interest through the use of means not necessarily authorized by the organization. Organizational politics have been viewed as an organizationsRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1600 Words   |  7 PagesWythe. The law professor was well known for teaching John Marshall, and Henry Clay, two of America’s most outstanding figures in America. Thomas believed that to examine legal issues, was one of the many aspects of society, which included: history, politics, culture, institutions, and the moral conscience of other people. Thomas Jefferson believed at a young age, that the human society worked best when working towards a simila r cause. In 1772, Jefferson married, Martha Skyle Wayles, and together theyRead MoreFoundations of Public Administration935 Words   |  4 Pagesmany months concerning a cult (an unorthodox or misguided group of extremist) called MOVE, newly elected Philadelphia Mayor, Wilson Goode did not exercise his authority as the elected leader by working meticulously with the other city officials and offices to shut down MOVE operations and protect the city’s residents from their presence. His inaction caused tragic results in which eleven people died. Wilson Goode’s failure as a leader in this situation is significant to the understanding of the characteristicsRead MoreThe MOVE Disaster Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesmany months concerning a cult (an unorthodox or misguided group of extremist) called MOVE, newly elected Philadelphia Mayor, Wilson Goode did not exercise his authority as the elected leader by working meticulously with the other city officials and offices to shut down MO VE operations and protect the city’s residents from their presence. His inaction caused tragic results in which eleven people died. Wilson Goode’s failure as a leader in this situation is significant to the understanding of the characteristicsRead MoreWinston Churchill : A Man Of Large Stature1469 Words   |  6 Pages(Churchill). Winston Churchill was a man of large stature in the twentieth century. Churchill was a political man for the entirety of his life. He never had much of a stable career as a politician. He was antagonistic, careless of the etiquette of party politics, and did little in the way of popular thinking. Churchill, as big a man as any, had humble beginnings. Churchill was born to parents Lord Randolph Churchill and Jennie Churchill on November 30, 1874. While his family was well off, they were considerablyRead MoreGateways And Barriers Of The Lgbtqia Rights Movement Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pageswell as elect LGBTQIA individuals to political off ice. This would not be an easy feat, but if successful, would create amazing opportunities for the movement. In 1961, Josà © Sarria became the first openly gay candidate for public office when he ran for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Sarria lost the election, but the mere fact that he ran – and received a substantial number of votes – made a huge statement to the public and in the world of politics. Ten years later, Frank Kameny became the first

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Ballyhoo, Prosperity and the Crash Free Essays

The Great Depression which came after the Crash of 1929 changed American attitudes from optimism, something that Americans had because of the increasing flow of consumer goods and because of this new better way of life to, despair. This economic despair was the lowest and bleakest time in American history. â€Å"Factories closed, machines fell silent, and millions upon millions of people walked the streets, looking for jobs that did not exist† (750). We will write a custom essay sample on Ballyhoo, Prosperity and the Crash or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lasting for ten years it took over every aspect of American life. Along with this came a change in government that would give way to a Democratic majority and removed Republican hold since the 1890’s. Immigrants who had came to America before WWI took a political stance that lasted through this difficult time on through to the next generation that resulted in the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt. One of the first things his office did was developing The New Deal. This would create programs of â€Å"relief, recovery, and reform that greatly increased the role of government in American life† (750) in an effort to ease suffering and begin the path for economic recovery. In order to understand what happened economically during this time a look at business and government attitudes during the 20’s should be examined. During the 20’s Republicans â€Å"used their return to power after WWI to halt further reform legislation and to establish a friendly relationship between government and business† (742). This relationship led to false beliefs in economic growth and stability. The automobile and appliance industries during this time caused a saturation of the market. This slowed sales steadily and in 1927 there was a mild recession. The owners of these industries could have raised wages or lowered prices in an effort to stimulate buying power and hold onto the â€Å"consumer-goods revolution† (750) but ignored the signs. The government could have helped by stopping installment-buying and slowing bank loans that could have made the depression not last as long, but didn’t. The only institution that saw a possible problem and tried to do something about it was The Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board saw problems and tried to stimulate the economy by lowering the discount rate, and charging banks less for loans. This extra credit that was given was thought to be used for re-investment but instead went into the stock market that was â€Å"touching off a new wave of speculation that obscured the growing economic slowdown and ensured a far greater crash to come† (751). Everyone jumped on the bandwagon as the 1920’s became better known as the get-rich-quick era. Millions of individuals from all the way at the top to all the way at the bottom played the stocks. Anyone with extra cash was investing heavily in the stock markets. They were betting that the huge rise in security prices would make them huge profits. Savings were used to bet on the speculative stocks. â€Å"Corporations used their large cash reserves to supply money to brokers who in turn loaned it to investors on the margin. † (751). By 1929 the whole country was in love with stock speculation. Offices open in huge numbers in city after city across America and people flocked to them in hopes of riches. This national obsession with the bull market gave a false idea that the economy was healthy and this caused a blind eye towards the mistakes that were happening that would lead to disaster. It was in October of 1929 that put the stop to this obsession of speculation stock buying. Overnight corporations and financial institutions no longer would provide capital for stock market purchases and this also made investors and bankers stop giving consumer credit. This stopped consumer buying power and leading to a sharp slope downward of sales of consumer goods economic disaster that continued for 4 years. 1932 showed a time that â€Å"unemployment had swelled to 25 percent of the work force. Steel production was down to 12 percent of capacity and the vast assembly lines in Detroit produced only a trickle of cars each day. † (751) There were many contributing factors toward the path of the Great Depression, but the single most important was that factories produced more goods than they were consuming. Some others were unstable economic conditions in Europe, the agricultural decline since 1919, corporate mismanagement and of course over speculation. Americans didn’t have the money to buy anymore. Even though most Americans didn’t have a car or a refrigerator the money just wasn’t there anymore. Too much money had gone into profits, dividends and industrial expansion. Not enough went into the hands of the workers who would become the consumer. Wages vs. factory productivity did not equal out. â€Å"Factory productivity had increased 43 percent during the decade, but the wages of industrial workers had only gone up 11 percent† (752). If all the money that was used for speculation had gone to increase wages then consumer purchasing would have gone up. This would have created a balance in production and consumption. It was only after a good look at what happened would the consumer-goods economy of America be understood. Not only did this cause a huge hardship for the population it also showed a challenge for political leadership in America. When Roosevelt took office the nation was near an economic collapse with unemployment at thirteen million. His first step was to save the banks. He drafted new legislature for banking that would help the stronger banks to reopen with government help and force the weaker banks to close. Roosevelt launched New Deal programs that would help in industrial and agricultural recovery, two of the hardest economic fields hit. This New Deal helped with immediate problems that were around in the 1930’s with programs that addressed relief in unemployment and destitute citizens. But in 1935 reform took the place of recovery and relief. â€Å"Roosevelt was developing a ‘broker-state’ concept of government, responding to pressures from organized elements such as corporations, labor unions, and farm groups while ignoring the needs and wants of the dispossessed who had no clear political voice† (761). This caused a major pressure for change because it did not help the average guy and was meant more for internal government change. The New Deal did have an influence on the quality of life in America, but also had some downfall. Labor unions was one influenced that changed history along with the introduction of Social Security, but the New Deal seemed to only help the more vocal and organized groups and left minorities out. But still Roosevelt’s impact on U. S. politics lead to the uplifting of the American people at a time when it was desperately needed in order to survive during a very disturbing and hard time. I don’t want to believe it was greed that caused this problem, but rather a misguided dream of the want of something better. Isn’t that the American dream? Reference: Divine, R. A. , Breen, T. H. , Fredrickson, G. M. , Williams, R. H. (1987). America Past and Present 2nd. Ed. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company. How to cite Ballyhoo, Prosperity and the Crash, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Revival of Chikankari Essay Example

Revival of Chikankari Essay Lucknow is a lovely old city, a city of old gardens and palaces, fine architectural conceits mosques, temples and aging monuments, a city so favoured by European travelers once upon a time, that it was popularly called ‘the Constantinople of the East’. It has a great deal of historicity. It is synonymous with architectural elegance, cultural finesse, social warmth and an enduring love for gracious living. Lucknow also has the distinction of being today, the cusp of a very beautiful, very aesthetic form of white floral embroidery, unique to this geographical location. Chikankari, that has been practiced in Lucknow for almost more than two hundred years. Chikancraft is rooted in antiquity. The history of chikankari is richly anecdotal Some historians opine, that Chikan is a Persian craft as the word ‘Chikan’ is probably a derivative from the Persian word ‘Chikin’ or Chakeen which means a kind of embroidered fabric. Although the origins of Chikancraft, remain shrouded in the mists of time,but we can say with some justification that it gained a meaningful presence in Lucknow and its surrounding areas sometime during the late18th and early 19th century when it was brought to the Lakhnawi courts of the nawabs. It was patronized by the self-indulgent, pleasure-loving nawabs, favoured by local rajahs, sultans and zamindars and became a very intrinsic part of Lakhnawi grace and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Revival of Chikankari specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Revival of Chikankari specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Revival of Chikankari specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Abdul Halim Sharar, in his book, Lucknow; The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture gives a very graphic description of male attire and specifically mentions the presence of chikan. According to him the people of Lucknow, ‘covered their heads with chau goshia, topi’s of chikan work, their bodies with angarkhas, their legs with wide pyjamas, and over their shoulders they draped scarves or cummerbands (sashes). For the ladies, chikankari was used to adorn Lehengas and odhnis (long skirts and veils), kurtas and angarkhas (Tunics), prayer cloths and scarves of light muslin or tulle. Ensembles of the most incredible beauty were created with this subtle white on white embroidery, translating its very simplicity into an exotic fashion statement. . This was the accepted fashion of the upper classes and elegant people in Lucknow. Chikancraft did not limit itself to garments alone. Chikan was basically a way of life. It permeated the court and entered the homes and domestic life of the people. It could satisfy the fashionable as well as the domestic instinct . It shifted from garments to the domestic line seamlessly. The Lakhnawis used chikan to grace their homes in the form of bedspreads, pillowcovers, palanquin, curtains, tablecovers, drapes, runners, mats, napkins, tray and tea-cozy covers. Chikan craft has a few characteristics †¢ Fabric fine muslin, semi-translucent, very fine white cotton or alike. †¢ Threads fine untwisted cotton or tussah silk and today rayon. †¢ Embroidery pulled work, shadow work: exquisite delicacy of detail. Designs flowing scrolls with creepers, flowers and leaves and never geometric. †¢ Stitches each has its own chikan name, with strict definitions of use. Similar to back stitch, satin, stem, chain, eyelet, pulled fabric stitches. Earlier Chikankari used the finest of white cotton fabric called muslin or mulmul. , as the base material for the production of good chikan embroidery. There were two/three categories of fine, white fabric that are used for chikancraft, namely Addhi, Tanzeb and Girant. Out went the voiles and mulmuls and the pastel shades and came voile, organza, polyester, chiffon, viscose, georgette, polyester georgette, cotton crepe tussars and silk that exhibit the Chikan Work in symphony with the traditional and western designs and styles. Its not just chikan work on fabrics like cotton, but experimentation, the order of the day, has enhanced basic chikan with more detailing- with zardozi, crystals and so on. Today, there a handful of craftsmen and women who practice the true chikankari, but they are almost a vanishing breed. After independence, the U. P. Government tried to revive Chikancraft by setting up government schemes and government centers where chikan is taught, free material made available, infrastructural facilities provided free of cost and finally the product marketed by the government agencies so that the chikanworker would benefit economically and chikan itself would improve qualitativelyThe central and state government is now making valiant efforts to sustain their craft by opening workshops where chikankars are trained to produce quality work, if not exactly reproduce the earlier aesthetic glory of chikancraft. Several branding exercises are being done for the famous chikan fabric of Lucknow to make it more appealing and to promote it in the national international market. A special chikan website, ramp shows, online chikan trade fairs, buyer-seller meet, use of information technology to create virtual sample and shop-in-shop at leading retail chains are the tools that would be included in this branding exercise. Sta te government organizations like the U. P. Export Corporation and the U. P. Handicraft Board are trying to ensure fair wages to the chikan workers, and prevent the exploitation of the chikankar but their efforts do not cover the entire gamut of the chikan workforce. There are other agencies, like SEWA, the Self Employed Women’s Association,who have played a major role in reorganizing chikancraft and giving it a new life force and direction In the last twentyfive years the central and state government has made a conscious effort to revive chikancraft. It has done tremendous work to organize the chikan work force, ensure good wages and encourage praoper marketing and ultimately produce a good quality chikan. Chikancraft now has a global presence, albeit a very slender one. It requires a great deal of economic interest and economic thrust to metamorphose it from a small but significant cottage industry into a commercially viable international enterprise. Chikankari stages a revival in a contemporary designer avatar as whites and pastels make way for fruity hues and bold motifs on garments ranging from pants to kimonos and corsets to sherwanis chikan work is drawing a wider clientele. Now chikan is no more a casual wear but is also found in a wide variety of formal wears. Be it any kind of gathering amongst the young restless and chikan is the most selective style, as many top designers are involved in reviving chikankari. They have managed to give chikan global recognition and acceptance; Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla, Rina Dhaka and Vivek Narang have all contributed to the transformation of ordinary chikan into a fashion statement. Now that chikan has a designer stamp and has lit up the lamp, it is been increasingly seen on college campuses and in offices too. Bright ruity color with white embroidery over singlets are very popular with collegians. It is also making an appearance on high-end garments in stores like Harrods and Selfridges where it is labelled Indian lace. Says designer Tarun Tahiliani Chikancraft has a global presence, albeit a very slender one. The art of using chikan is no longer restricted to Indian fashion, The past two years have seen a surge in demand in both the domestic and overseas market, says Vijay Kumar Kapoor, vice-preside nt, Lucknow Chikan Handicraft Association. The contemporary usage of chikan has also done away with traditional shades and several such designs are being supplied to all parts of India, Germany, the US and the Gulf where it is positioned in high-end stores as kaftans. It requires a great deal of economic interest and economic thrust to metamorphose it from a small but significant cottage industry into a commercially viable international enterprise,